Many individuals assume that Social Security benefits are exclusively for those with a substantial work history. However, even without personal employment records, it’s possible to receive monthly payments, potentially amounting to $910 in 2025. This is achievable through spousal benefits, which allow non-working spouses to benefit from their partner’s Social Security earnings.
Eligibility Criteria for Spousal Benefits
To qualify for spousal benefits, certain conditions must be met:
- Age Requirement: The non-working spouse must be at least 62 years old.
- Marital Status: The couple must be legally married.
- Spouse’s Benefit Claim: The working spouse must have filed for their own Social Security retirement benefits.
Meeting these criteria enables the non-working spouse to apply for benefits based on their partner’s earnings record.
Determining the Benefit Amount
The spousal benefit can be up to 50% of the working spouse’s Primary Insurance Amount (PIA), which is the benefit they are entitled to at full retirement age.
It’s important to note that if the non-working spouse begins receiving benefits before reaching their full retirement age, the benefit amount will be reduced. Conversely, delaying benefits until full retirement age ensures the maximum spousal benefit.
Impact of the Working Spouse’s Earnings
The working spouse’s earnings directly influence the spousal benefit amount. Higher lifetime earnings result in a greater PIA, thereby increasing the potential spousal benefit. However, the spousal benefit does not increase if the working spouse delays their benefits beyond full retirement age.
Special Considerations for Caregivers
If the non-working spouse is caring for a qualifying child—defined as a child under 16 or a disabled child receiving Social Security benefits—they may be eligible for spousal benefits regardless of age. In such cases, the benefit amount is not reduced, even if the caregiver is under 62.
Comparison of Spousal and Individual Benefits
| Scenario | Working Spouse’s PIA | Non-Working Spouse’s Age | Spousal Benefit Percentage | Monthly Spousal Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Working spouse at full retirement age; non-working spouse aged 62 | $2,000 | 62 | 35% | $700 |
| Both spouses at full retirement age | $2,000 | 66 | 50% | $1,000 |
| Non-working spouse caring for a qualifying child | $2,000 | 60 | 50% | $1,000 |
| Working spouse delays benefits until 70; non-working spouse at full retirement age | $2,640 | 66 | 50% of PIA at full retirement age | $1,000 |
Even without a personal work history, non-working spouses can access Social Security benefits by leveraging their partner’s earnings record. Understanding the eligibility requirements and strategic timing can maximize these benefits, providing financial support during retirement.
Can I receive spousal benefits if my spouse hasn’t applied for their own Social Security benefits?
No, the working spouse must have filed for their own Social Security retirement benefits for the non-working spouse to be eligible for spousal benefits.
Will my spousal benefits increase if my spouse delays their benefits past full retirement age?
No, spousal benefits are based on the working spouse’s PIA at their full retirement age. Delaying benefits beyond this age does not increase the spousal benefit amount.
What happens to my spousal benefits if we divorce?
If you were married for at least 10 years, are currently unmarried, and are 62 or older, you may be eligible for benefits based on your ex-spouse’s record.
